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Saturday, 5 February 2011

Eschatological views of the Millennium

Out of interest, I'm reading up on different beliefs about millennial eschatology (presented below).  The theological basis for each view can be quite complex, and far more than I can cover in a short post; so I present just an overview.  I am not a theologian, just a humble scientist with an interest in Biblical studies; I make mistakes, so if I have misunderstood or misrepresented a theological position, do say so :)

Three millennial positions:
  1. Amillenial: A distinctively Reformed doctrine of eschatology.  In the book of Revelation a time period of a thousand years is mentioned in Chapter 20, verses 1-7.  Satan is bound for "a thousand years" (vv. 1, 2); therefore Satan cannot deceive the nations for "a thousand years" (v.3). John sees the saints living and reigning with Christ "a thousand years" (vv. 4, 6). The unrighteous dead do not live until the end of the "thousand years" (v. 5). When the "thousand years" expire, Satan is loosed, the unrighteous dead are resurrected and deceived by Satan to make war against the saints (vv. 7-9).  At this point, God will send fire from heaven to destroy Satan and the unrighteous dead.  Even though Christ will appear physically to rescue the saints, the resurrection will not be physical, but spiritual.
  2. Postmillenial: In other Reformed and some Presbyterian groups, the belief is that, over time, the world will become Christian.  True Christians will take control of all aspects of life creating a wholly Christian culture and society.  All will obey God’s Law and there will be peace and prosperity worldwide: no poverty, little to no crime, and limited scope for disease.  This will lead to a "Golden Age" that exists for at least a thousand years, or more; Christ will get an earthly victory in history, and this earthly victory will be the "Messianic kingdom" in its full splendour. At some point, Satan and those who have only converted outwardly to Christianity will instigate a rebellion against the Messianic age and bring great tribulation upon the earth.  Christ will return to the earth, destroy Satan, crush the rebellion and restore peace.  Genuine believers will be glorified and live happily ever after in God’s new earth.  The 1000 years of Revelation 20 may, or may not, be taken literally. 
  3. Premillenial There are two main prevailing views within the premillenial belief of eschatology:
      • Historic (post-tribulation): Christ returns at the end of the tribulation before the beginning of the millennium.  The millennium of Revelation 20 is a literal 1000-year reign of Christ in heaven with the saints who have been resurrected/ translated.  Satan will be bound for 1000 years and all who have rejected Christ will be killed by the brightness of His coming.  After 1000 years Satan will be loosed and the unrighteous dead resurrected.  The New Jerusalem will descend from heaven but Satan and his people will try to attack it, at which point they will all be thrown into the lake of fire.  The earth will be purged and made new in preparation for God’s new earthly kingdom.  There are differing viewpoints on the role of physical Israel, but the general consensus is that those who accept Jesus as God’s Messiah will receive the promises made to them through the Old Covenant, along with Gentile believers and will make up God’s church.
      • Dispensational (incorporating pre-tibulation and mid-tribulation): is a belief that God will bring about a literal, earthly kingdom in which Christ will reign over all the world through the agency of Israel.  The Second Coming will appear in two stages: a ‘rapture’ of believers (translation of the righteous living, resurrection of the righteous dead) either before or halfway through the seven years of tribulation (based on the 70 week prophecy of Daniel, with the final week being separated from the rest of the prophetic time); at the end of the seven-year period, Christ will return again to save those who have converted during the tribulation and sit upon the throne of the rebuilt temple in Jerusalem.  The Jewish nature of the kingdom is seen in the fact that God is dealing with Israel in a national sense, apart from the church; which by means of the rapture has been removed from the earthly scene. Even the Old Testament sacrifices are seen as being reinstituted, but instead of being utilized for the forgiveness of sin, the sacrifices are instead a memorial to what Christ has already done on the Cross.  This theological position tends to ignore the rite of the Lord’s Supper, instituted by Christ Himself as a memorial to His death and resurrection.

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